Palabras clave
pseudogestación
cirugía
lagomorfo
patología.
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Clínica veterinaria: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico
ISSN: 2395-8766
Una forma de citar este artículo:
- Morales-Salinas E, Preza-Romero F, Quintal-Parra MD, Cortés-García J. Torsión uterina e hidrometra unilateral en una coneja (Oryctolagus cuniculus) de compañía. Clínica veterinaria: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico. 2019;5:e34201952. doi:10.22201/fmvz.23958766e.201934.
Descripción del caso. Coneja de compañía (Oryctolagus cuniculus) de cinco años de edad, de raza palomino, nulípara, que dejó de comer y beber gradualmente, y estaba apática.
Hallazgos clínicos. Tenía el abdomen notablemente distendido, con peloteo y dolor a la palpación, estaba deshidratada y deprimida. El hemograma y la bioquímica sanguínea indicaron anemia severa altamente regenerativa normocrómica, hiperazotemia prerrenal, hipoproteinemia e hipoalbuminemia. En el ultrasonido y estudio radiográfico, se observó que el útero estaba muy dilatado con abundante líquido, lo que sugería hidrometra, o bien, hemometra.
Tratamiento y evolución. Durante su hospitalización fue medicada con enrofloxacina, tramadol y meloxicam. Al realizar la ovariohisterectomía, se observó que el cuerno uterino derecho estaba torcido por completo con abundante líquido sanguinolento. Se diagnosticó torsión uterina e hidrometra unilateral derecha. La coneja murió un día después de la cirugía.
Pruebas de laboratorio. En el examen histológico, el endometrio estaba muy hemorrágico y necrosado con pérdida de la mucosa y de las glándulas endometriales, con marcada congestión y edema en todas las capas uterinas. El diagnóstico histopatológico del útero fue emitido como hemorragia y necrosis endometrial grave, difusa y edema transmural grave difuso.
Relevancia clínica. Las enfermedades del tracto reproductor en conejas de edad avanzada y no esterilizadas como el adenocarcinoma uterino y la hiperplasia endometrial son comunes. Estas patologías pueden acompañarse de hidrometra y hemometra afectando a ambos cuernos uterinos. El hallazgo relevante en este caso es que la torsión y la hidrometra de un solo cuerno uterino se presentaron juntas, quizá estaban relacionadas, lo que se ha documentado poco. Las patologías uterinas en conejas se pueden prevenir con ovariohisterectomía a edad temprana. Cuando una coneja presenta distención abdominal, además de considerar patologías uterinas como en este caso, se debe descartar enfermedad cardiaca, renal o alguna neoplasia abdominal.
Figura 5. Corte sagital de cuerno uterino con hidrometra.
Unilateral uterine torsion and hydrometra in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)Abstract
Case description. A five years old, palomino breed, nulliparous, pet female rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which gradually stop eating and drinking and was apathetic.
Clinical findings and interpretation. Physical examination revealed prominent abdominal distention, pain and puddle sing on abdominal palpation and depression. Hematological and chemistry values revealed severe strongly regenerative normochromic anemia, prerenal azotemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. The ultrasound and radiographic study revealed that the uterus was extremely dilated with abundant fluid suggesting hydrometra or hemometra.
Treatment and evolution. The rabbit during her hospitalization was treated with enrofloxacin, tramadol and meloxicam. At ovariohysterectomy, it was observed that the right uterine horn was completely twisted and approximately 800 mL of bloody fluid were collected from inside it. Unilateral uterine torsion and hydrometra were diagnosed. The rabbit died one day after surgery.
Laboratory tests. Histologically, the endometrium was severely hemorrhagic and necrotic with loss of the uterine epithelium and endometrial glands, in addition there was marked congestion and edema in all the uterine layers. The histopathological diagnosis of the uterus was emitted as severe diffuse hemorrhage and necrosis endometrial and severe diffuse transmural edema.
Clinical relevance. Reproductive tract diseases in unsterilized mature age rabbits such as uterine adenocarcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia are common. These abnormalities can be accompanied by hydrometra and hemometra affecting both uterine horns. As a relevant finding in this case is that the torsion and hydrometra of a single uterine horn were presented together and there may be a relationship between them which has been slight referenced. Uterine pathologies in rabbits can be prevented by performing ovariohysterectomy in young animals. When a female rabbit presents abdominal distention, in addition to considering uterine abnormalities as in this case, heart or kidney disease or some abdominal neoplasm should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Keywords: uterus, pseudopregnancy, surgery, lagomorph, pathology.
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